The eye is a complex organ that is responsible for detecting light and converting it into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain. It is located in the eye socket, or orbit, and is protected by the surrounding bone.
Anatomy of the Eye:-
The eye has several structures that work together to allow us to see. These structures include:
Cornea :- A clear, dome-shaped tissue at the front of the eye that helps to focus light.
Iris :- A muscle that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.
Pupil :- The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
Lens :- A flexible, transparent structure located behind the iris that helps to focus light onto the retina.
Retina :- The innermost layer of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones, which detect light and send signals to the brain.
Optic nerve :- A bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
Vitreous humor :- A clear gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina.
Sclera :- The white, outer layer of the eye that provides protection and support.
Physiology of the Eye:-
The process of vision begins when light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye, and the lens focuses the light onto the retina. The retina contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that convert light into electrical signals, which are sent to the brain through the optic nerve.
The rods are sensitive to low levels of light and are responsible for detecting shapes and movements in dim lighting conditions, while cones are responsible for color vision and are more sensitive to bright light.
The electrical signals generated by the photoreceptor cells are transmitted to the brain, which interprets them as visual images. The brain combines the signals from both eyes to create a single, three-dimensional image of the world.
